Blob space after EIP-4844: what an L2 does when data gets expensive
EIP-4844 gave rollups a data lane priced separately from execution gas, which is why an L2 fee can sit near zero while…
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Topic hub
Technology
Chains, rollups, sequencing and the plumbing underneath.
8 articles
Finality is a budget, not a switch
Every chain buys a kind of certainty with a fixed amount of time, and the size of that purchase is published. Ethereum.org's…
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Bridges are three products, and only one of them is canonical
A canonical rollup bridge gives you a native claim enforced by the rollup's own contracts, and it costs you the exit window.…
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MEV on rollups: the sequencer sees your transaction first
On most rollups one operator decides where your transaction lands, and it reads the transaction before anyone else does. That removes the…
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What a node actually verifies for you
A full node executes blocks and can prove a balance, while a light client checks headers and verifies proofs about specific state.…
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Why L2 fee revenue replaced TVL as the number traders actually watch
Value locked says how much is parked. Fee revenue says who is paying to use the chain today.
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What a sequencer actually does, and what breaks when it stops
Ordering is not execution, and an outage is not a chain halt — but it is a liveness problem you should price…
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Account abstraction in practice: what a smart account can and cannot fix
Smart accounts fix key management and gas payment. They do not fix a malicious contract you signed.
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